Emperor Babur: Founder of Mughal Empire in India.

Emperor Babur, full name: Zahir ud-Din Muhammad Jalal ud-Din Babur. As the progenitor of the dynasty, Timur Long before Babur invaded India in 1398 AD and incorporated North West India into his kingdom. In this respect, Timur Long is considered as the founder of the first Mughal Empire in India. But Timur Long managed to establish the monarchy in India. This work was accomplished by Babur. Hence Babur is considered as the founder of Mughal Empire.

He was born on 30th April 1526 (Monday) in Fafergana, Russia-Turkey. Babur's father, Amar-Shaikh Mirza, was the ruler of a place called Ragana. Mother's name is Kutluk Nigar Khanam.

In 1538 CE (945 CE), fatherless at the age of only twelve years, Babur ascended the throne of Fergana. At first his relatives conspired against him. But with the help of some of his well-wishers, he managed to bring the adverse situation under his control. His wish from childhood was that he would grow up to capture Timur Long's capital, Samarkand. For this purpose he strengthened his army. In about 1497 AD, when internal strife arose among the rulers of Samarkand, he captured Samarkand. During this time a rebellion broke out in Ferghana during his absence, he left for Ferghana. On this occasion Samarkand's Uzbeg leader Sahibani Khan occupied Samarkand. As a result of the conflict between the two, the two fought in the Archean War in 1503 AD. When Babur was defeated in battle, both Samarkand and Ferghana fell from his hands. When he was disillusioned with the loss of the kingdom, internal strife in Afghanistan prompted him to invade Afghanistan. In 1504 AD, he invaded and occupied Afghanistan with his small army.

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In it, Ismail Sahabi, the ruler of Persia, fought with Sahebani. Sahebani was defeated and killed in the battle. This same strategist Babur formed an alliance with Ismail Sahabi and with his help he recaptured Samarkand. But within a few days the Uzbeg soldiers drove him out of Samarkand. Along with that, his desire to occupy his ancestral kingdom of Fergana was also cancelled. He then raised a new army to conquer India. In 1519 AD he arrived at Vera on the west bank of Jhelum river by way of Bangur and Swarn. Here he settled down and conquered Kandahar in 1522 AD. In 1524 AD, crossing the Jhelum and Chenab rivers, captured Dilalpur in Punjab. At this time the ruler of Delhi was Ibrahim Lodi. He demanded the territories occupied by the Turks through the envoy Ibrahim Lodi. When Ibrahim Lodi refused this claim, he occupied the basins of the Vera, Khusab and Chenab rivers in Punjab and returned to Kabul.

In 1525 AD he left Kabul for the second invasion of India. Daulat Khan Lodi first stopped him in 1926 AD. Daulat Khan was defeated in this battle. Then there was a battle with Ibrahim Lodi at a place called Panipat. Ibrahim Lodi was defeated in the battle. As a result of this victory, Delhi and Agra came under Babur's control.

After winning this battle, Babur fought against Rana Sangram Singh of Mebar and the Afghans in East-India around 1527 AD. At this time Babur's comrades decided to return to Afghanistan. Babur convinced them to fight against Sinha and the Afghans in East-India. Humayun quickly captured Kalpi, Bayna and Jaunpur. The Afghans of Bihar submitted temporarily to Babur. At this time, Babur sent some of his amirs to unoccupied areas to suppress the Afghans. In 1527 AD, Babur launched a campaign against the Rana of Mebar. During Babur's war against Ibrahim Lodi, Rana Sangram Singh was said to help him. But Sangram Singh complained that Babur had captured Kalpi, Bayana without informing him. As a result of this conflict, both the forces engaged in a battle in the desert of Khanua. Rana Sangram Singh was defeated in the battle and fled and Sangram Singh died in 1528 AD. Then the Rajputs regrouped under the leadership of Medeni Rao. As a result, Babur besieged Chanderi fort. The Rajputs were also defeated in this battle.

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Bengali Sultan Nasrat Shah was alarmed by the gradual rise of Mughal power in North-West India. During this time he formed an anti-Mughal confederacy with Afghans dispossessed by the Mughals. He strengthened this alliance by arguing with Sultan Bahar Khan Lohani of Jaunpur's Lohani dynasty, Sher Shah of Bihar and Mahmud Khan of Lodhi dynasty. This Sangha tried to stop the Mughals. Babur's army first captured Allahabad, Varanasi and Gazipur. Then in 1529 AD, Babur's forces fought with the Afghan leaders Sher Shah and Mahmud Shah on the banks of the Gharghara river. Both leaders were defeated in this battle. Nasrat then demanded his allegiance to Shah. Nasrat Shah did not accept this demand and tried to satisfy his father in various ways. But Babur was not satisfied with that - advanced towards Bengal. A war broke out between the two kingdoms. Nasrat Shah was defeated in the battle. He then verbally accepted Babur's allegiance.

He died on 5th January 1531 AD. Then his eldest son Humayun sat on the throne.